A groundbreaking innovation has led to the creation of the smallest robots ever, measuring just 200 by 300 by 50 micrometers, which is even smaller than a grain of salt. These minuscule devices are equipped with a processor, temperature sensors, and tiny solar panels all integrated into a single chip. Engineers from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Michigan have developed ultra-compact circuits that function at remarkably low voltages, consuming power at a rate 1,000 times less than that of traditional chips. Each of these robots requires only 75 nanowatts of energy, which is provided by tiny solar cells. The onboard computer is programmed through brief flashes of light. These robots can swim through liquids and are capable of functioning for months without any maintenance. They navigate by generating an electric field that interacts with ions in the surrounding fluid, which in turn pushes against water molecules, creating currents that drive the robot in its intended direction. To communicate data, the researchers implemented a unique method: the robot conveys information through a type of "dance." By observing the robot's movements under a microscope, scientists can interpret the data, drawing a parallel to the communication techniques used by bees. The developers are optimistic that such devices could eventually be utilized inside living cells, for the assembly of microcircuits, or for monitoring water quality.
Informational material. 18+.
